3 The standard diagnostic procedure begins with a visual examination of the superficial structures of the skin. Despite recent therapeutic advances, the factors that have the greatest impact on prognosis remain early detection and complete removal of cancer tissue before the onset of deep invasion and metastasis development.
#Optical coherence tomography principle skin
2 In addition to causing negative health outcomes, skin cancer poses a significant economic burden. 1 The prognosis of advanced melanoma is poor, and nonmelanoma skin cancers are associated with high morbidity due to skin invasion. Skin cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in humans, with an incidence that has steadily increased worldwide in recent decades. The use of LC-OCT as an adjunct tool in medical practice could significantly improve clinical diagnostic accuracy while reducing the number of biopsies of benign lesions. LC-OCT images are found to strongly correlate with conventional histopathological images. LC-OCT has been applied to the imaging of various skin lesions, in vivo, including carcinomas and melanomas. With an isotropic spatial resolution of ∼1 μm, the LC-OCT images reveal a comprehensive structural mapping of skin at the cellular level down to a depth of ∼500 μm. The resulting cross-sectional B-scan image is produced in real time at 10 frame / s. Multiple A-scans are acquired simultaneously while dynamically adjusting the focus. LC-OCT measures the echo-time delay and amplitude of light backscattered from cutaneous microstructures through low-coherence interferometry associated with confocal spatial filtering. LC-OCT combines the principles of time-domain optical coherence tomography and confocal microscopy with line illumination and detection using a broadband laser and a line-scan camera. An optical technique called line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) is introduced for high-resolution, noninvasive imaging of human skin in vivo.
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